Outboard Profiles of Maritime Commission Designed Vessels

Outboard Profiles of Maritime Commission Vessels

The Tanker Designs and her Conversions

All Drawings by Karsten-Kunibert Krueger-Kopiske 2007

The T1 Coastal Tankers and Navy Gasoline Tankers

Design: T1-M-A1	Barnes-Duluth SB Co., Duluth, Minnesota
Coastal Tanker (Small)	MC-599 to 606 (8 built) Tarentum, Titusville, Mannington, Salt Creek, Glen Pool, Jennings, Tonkawa, Cromwell
	East Coast Shipyards Inc., Bayonne, New Jersey
	MC-899 to 900 (2 built) / during construction design changed to the A2 Standard and both vessels were completed as METTAWEE and PASQUOTANK

Design: T1-M-A2	East Coast Shipyards Inc., Bayonne, New Jersey
Gasoline Tanker / AOG	MC-899 to 904 (2 built) / USS Mettawee, USS Pasquotank, USS Sakatonchee, USS Seekonk, USS Ammonusuc, USS Sheepscot, USS Calamus, USS, Chiwaukum, USS Escatawpa, USS Gualala, USS Hiwassee, USS Kalamazoo, USS Kanawha, USS Narraguagas, USS Ocklokonee, USS Oconee, USS Ogeechee, USS Ontonagon, USS Yahara, USS Ponchatoula, USS Quastinet, USS Sacandaga, USS Tetonkaha, USS Towaliga, USS Tularosa, USS Wakulla, USS Yacona, USS Waupaca, USS Conemaugh, USS Klaskanine

Design: T1-M-BT1	St.John's River SB Corp., Jacksonville, Florida
(Gasoline Tanker / AOG)	MC-2624 to 2635 (12) (12 Built) / USS Klickitat, USS Michigamme, USS Nanticoke, (Nodaway, Peconic, Petaluma, Piscataqua, Quinnebaug, Sebasticook, Kiamichi, Tellico, Truckee all vessel accepted incomplete by Commission for later completion)

Twelve ships of this type were ordered by the U.S.Navy as gasoline tankers and were allocated pennant numbers AOG-64 to 75. They were single screw motor motor vessels with a deadweight capacity of 4,200 tons and were, together with the BT-2 variation, the largest of the Maritime Commission coastal tankers. Propulsion was by a four-stroke single-acting eight-cylinder oil engine with a bhp of 1,400 and geared to a single shaft, which gave a speed of 10 knots. All engine sets were built by the Enterprise Engine & Foundry Co.of San Francisco, California. Only the first thre saw naval service, construction of the remaining 9 were suspended in 1945, and the they were completed between 1946 and 1951 for civil use. The three vessels operated by the U.S.Navy were sold in 1949 to the Argentine Navy.

The T2 and T2-A Design

Design: T2	Bethlehem Steel Company, Shipbuilding Division, Sparrows Point, Maryland
Tanker / Navy Oiler	MC-142 to 147 ( 6 Built / Turbine) / Corsicana, Caddo, Calusa, Catawba, Colina, Comastoga)

The T2 tanker design was first adapted from S.S. Mobilfuel and S.S. Mobilube, built for the Socony-Vacuum Company (later to become Mobile Oil). They were 501 feet six inches long overall, with a beam of 68 feet. They were rated at 9,900 tons gross, and a deadweight tonnage of 15,850 tons. They displaced about 21,100 tons. Six of these ships were built by Bethlehem-Sparrows Point Shipyard in Maryland. Drawing shows CORSICANA in her original configuration with Socony-Vacuum POil Company Funnel.

Design: T2-A	Sun Shipbuiding & Dry Dock Company, Chester, Pennsylvania
Tanker / Navy Oiler	MC-148 to 149 and 157 to 159 ( 5 Built / Turbine) / Aekay, Kalkay, Jorkay, Ellkay, Emmkay)

The T2-A type tanker was another variety of the T2 design. These 5 ships were built by Sun Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., Chester, PA for the Keystone Tankship Corporation and its affiliates in 1940. The Navy took them over before construction was complete in 1942 to use as Navy oilers. They were 526 feet long, 68 feet abeam, rated at 10,600 tons gross and a deadweight tonnage of 16,300. They displaced about 22,445 tons. Propulsion was provided by geared steam turbines driving a single propeller at 12,000 shaft horsepower, giving a maximum rated speed of 16 and a half knots. Drawing shows AEKAY in her spring 1942 configuration, shortly before she was converted into an Navy Oiler and renamed USS NECHES AO-47

The T2-SE-A1 and A2 Design

Design: T2-SE-A1	Alabama DD & SB Co., Pinto Island, Mobile, Alabama
Tanker	MC-529 to 564 (36), 1496 to 1519 (24), 2037 to 2064 (28), 2613 to 2619 (7) and 2856 to 2862 (7) (102 Built)
	Arickaree, Birch Coulie, Buffalo Wallo, Camas Meadows, Canyon Creek, Cedar Mills, Hat Creek. Julesburd, Little Big Horn, McCLellan Creek, Pine, Ridge, Powder River, Quemado Lake, Rosebud, Red Canyon, Sappa Creek, Sweetwater, Wagon Box, Washita, Abiqua, Touchet, Evans Creek, Skull Bar, Four Lakes, Cayuse, Wolf Mountain, Wyoming Valley, Autossee, White River, Wood Lake, Beaver Dam, Callabee, Cahawba, Horseshoe, Wahoo Swamp, Fort Laramie, Fort Bridger, Fort Fetterman, Wilson's Creek, San Juan Hill, Bear Paw, Platte Bridge, Pocket Canyon, Tule Canyon, White Bird Canyon, El Caney, The Cabins, Nordahl Grieg, The Cottonwoods, Barren Hill, Bemis Heights, Briar Creek, Camp Defiance, Chatterton Hill, Fort Stevens, North Point, Paulus Hook, Quaker Hill, Red Bank, Grand River, Cottonwood Creek, Little Butte, Fort Ridgely, Rougue River, The Yakima, Beecher Island, Ash Hollow, Mobile Bay, Pit River, Fort Robinson, Palo Duro, Crow Wing, Pawnee Rock, Sandy Lake, Piqua, Fort Pitt, Sideling Hill, Blue Licks, Golden Hill, War Bonnett, Honningsvaag, Kathio, Spirit Lake, Kaposia, Chicaca, Ackia, Boonesborough, Council Grove, Gold Creek, Dobytown, Wagon Mound, Phantom Hill, Raton Pass, Archers Hope, Ninety-Six, Moccasin Gap, Cabusto, Fort Mims, Seneca Castle, Rock Landing, Black River
	Kaiser Co.Inc.(Swan Island Yard), Portland, Oregon
	MC-793 to 848 (56), 1914 to 1960 (47), 2393 to 2430 (38) and 2720 to 2725 (6) (147 Built)
	Schenectady, Quebec, Fort Moultrie, Fort Washington, Egg Harbor, Stony, Point, New London, Brookfield, Northfield, Hadley, Fallen Timbers, Pequot Hill, Fort Dearborn, Queenston Heights, River Raison, Fort Meigs, Fort Stephenson, York, Fort George, Sackett's Harbor, Stony Creek, Lundy's Lane, Fort Erie, Plattsburg, Broad River, Bladensburg, Fort McHenry, Fort Sumter, Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, White Oak, Mechanicsville, Champoeg, Oregon Trail, Corvallis, Gervais, Umatilla, Klamath Falls, Yamhill, Owyhee, Table Rock, Wallowa, Grande Ronde, Coquille, Jacksonville, Meachem, Nehalem, Tillamook, Pendleton, Celilo, Crater Lake, Newberg, Ochoco, Rainier, Battle Rock, The Dalles, Glacier Park, Grand Mesa, Idaho Falls, Silverpeak, Elk Basin, Coulee Dam, Toulumne Meadows, Camp Namanu, Wolf Creek, Donner Lake, Scotts BLuff, Tumacarori, Chalmette, Nickajack Trail, Shawnee Trail, Bandelier, Trailblazer, Fort Winnebago, Forbes Road, Fort Charlotte, Chaco Canyon, Pipe Spring, Fort Matanzas, Verendrye, Castle Pinckney, Tonto, Grand Teton, Beacon Rock, Hovenweep, Swan Island, Montezuma Castle, Smokky Hill, Fort William, Pioneer Valley, Battle Mountain, Fort Wood, Hood River, Black Hills, Warrior Point, Pulpit Rock, Fort Clatsop, Laurel Hill, Mesa Verde, W.L.R.Emmet, El Morro, Casa Grande, Pilot Butte, Bryce Canyon, Cedar Breaks, Pinnacles, Capitol Reef, Joshua Tree, Platt Park, Stones River, Fort Stanwix, Fort Frederica, Saguaro, Chisholm Trail, Carlsbad, Fort Christina, Sunset, Choctaw Trail, White Sands, Sullys Hill, New Echota, Muir Woods, Big Bend, Kings Canyon, Salem Maritime, Fort Lane, Bradford Island, Homestead, Fort Raleigh, Modoc Point, Chemawa, Grants Pass, Steens Mountain, Council Crest, Goverment Camp, Multnomah, Gray's Harbor, Halls of Montezuma, Silver Creek, Glenn's Ferry, Cannon Beach, Jordan Valley, Fort Hoskins, Snake River, Victory Loan, Coxcomb Hill, Bent's Fort
	Marinship Corp., Sausalito, California
	MC-1832 to 1849 (18), 2095 to 2100 (6), 2434 to 2541 (8) and 2714 to 2715 (2) (34 Built)
	Elk Hills, Lost Hills, Antelope Hills, Buena Vista Hills, Coalinga Hills, Montebello Hills, Inglewood Hills, Baldwin Hills, McKittrock Hills, Newhall Hills, Rincon Hills, Potrero Hills, Sunset Hills, Midway Hills, Whittier Hills, Signal Hills, Ventura Hills, Puente Hills, La Brea Hills, Santa Maria Hills, Kern Hills, Elwood, Hills, Torrance Hills, Santa Fe Hills, Dominguez Hills, Paloma Hills, Fullerton Hills, Belridge Hills, Coyote Hills, Huntington Hills, Wheeler Hills, Fruitvale Hills, Marin Hills
	Sun SB & DD Co., Chester, Pennsylvania
	MC-306 to 387 (82), 394 to 398 (5), 643 to 647 (5), 1723 to 1797 (75), 2431 to 2454 (24) and 2706 to 2712 (7) (198 Built)
	Louisburg, Fort Necessity, Fort Duquesne, Fort Niagara, Charlestown, Bloody Marsh, Great Meadows, Lake Geoorge, Crown Point, Kittaning, Gettysburg, Bunker Hill, Caddo, Harlem Heights, White Plains, Valley Forge, Trenton, Princeton, Ticonderoga, Corsicana II, Bennington, Fort Stanwick, Stillwater, Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth, Cherry Valley, Caribbean, Vincennes, Newton, Kings Mountain, Cowpens, Guilford, Hobkirk's Hill, Eutaw Springs, Fort Lee, Palo Alto, Buena Vista, Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Churubusco, Molino Del Rey, Chapultepec, San Antonio, Jalapa, Perote, Pueblo, Bull Run, Balls Bluff, Shiloh, Appomattox, Monocacy, Cross Keys, Front Royal, Winchester, Seven Pines, Sharpsburg, Frederickburg, Chickamauga, Chancellorsville, Petersburg, Murfreesboro, Spottsylvania, Vicksbuurg, Gaines Mill, Chantilly, Harpers Ferry, Perryville, Manassas, Corinth, Kenesaw Mountain, Mill Spring, Fairfax, Malvern Hill, Brandy Station, South Mountain, Williamsburg, MacDowell, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Opequon, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek, Five Forks, Kernstown, Santiago, Boundbrook, Fort Schuyler, Sag Harbor, Hegra, Blackstocks Ford, Hanging Rock, Frenchtoown, ESSO Portland, ESSO Springfield, ESSO New Haven, James Island, Lyon's Creek, Whitehorse, Fort Cornwallis, ESSO Utica, Port Royal, Catawba Ford, Musgroves Mills, Fort Cumberland, Moor's Field, Karsten Wang, ESSO Camden, Lake Erie, ESSO Scranton, Point Pleasant, Catham, Cedar Mountain, ESSO Memphis, Ridgefield, ESSO Roanoke, Kettle Creek, Mauvilla, Glorieta, Hobkirk's Hill, Rich Mountain, Blackwater, Groveton, Tampico, Turkey Island, Diamond Island, Drewry's Bluff, Valverde, Sandy Creek, Black Jack, Chrysler's Field, Prairie Grove, Edge Hill, Tullahoma, PineBluff, Lone Jack, Yellow Tavern, Champion's Hill, Paoli, La Mesa, Wauhatchie, Waxhaws, Hubbardton, Rum River, Spring Hill, French Creek, Chesapeake Capes, San Pasqual, Chadd's Ford, Bushy Run, Carnifex Ferry, Averysboro, Salmon Falls, Port Republic, Allatoona, Trevilian, New Market, New Hope, Marne, Somme, Meuse Argonne, Chateaux Thierry, Cantigny, Sedan, Saint Mihiel, Amiens, Logan's Fort, Winter Hill, Royal Oak, Santa Paula, Redstone, Clarke's Wharf, Hammerfest, Roxbury Hill, Cobble Hill, Rye Cove, Drapers Meadow, Camp Charlotte, Castle's Wood, Fort Cheswell, Fort Massaic, Fort Caspar, Turner's Gap, Heron's Bridge, Atllantic Refiner, Atlantic Trader, Honey Hill, Atlantic Mariner, Orchard Knob, Fort Jupiter, J.L.Hanna, Atlantic Ranger, Trimble's Ford, Fort Mercer, J.H.McGaregill, Fort Mifflin, H.D.Collier

The T2-SE-A1 design was adopted by the Maritime Commission from an already existing design built by Sun SB for the Sun Oil Co. The T2-SE-A1 design was after the EC2-S-C1 Liberty Ship the most built vessel under the Maritime Commission Shipbuilding Progam. T2-SE-A1 was powered by a Turbo-Electric propul- sion, delivering 6,000 SHP (normal) and 7,240 SHP (max) giving a top rate of 15 knots with a cruising range of about 12,680 miles. All vessels operated during WWII by the War Shipping Administration and managed by various Steamship Companies. After the WWII most of the T2-SE-A1's were sold under the Merchant Sales Act of 1946 to private interests, mainly U.S.Flag Companies. 202 T2-SE-A1 were sold under this act to Foreign Compaines. The T2-SE-A1 survived as conversion nearly six decades of service (Drawing shows one T2-SE-A1 in post-war configuration).

A group of T2-SE-A1 Tankers were aquired by the Navy in 1942 / 1943 to close gaps in supporting Fleet Operations. These Tankers forming the SUAMICO class (AO-49 to 50, 65 to 66 and 73 to 79). Serving throughout WWII and laid up after war (drawing shows a typical Navy T2 of WWII).

Conversions from T2-SE-A1's and A2's

T2-SE-A1 Conversions

Design: T2-SE-A1 / Lenghtened	Hitachi Shipbuilding & Engineering Co.Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
Tanker	MC-2064 (1 Lenghtened / Turbo-Electric) Chevron the Hague (ex- Caltex the Hague, ex- Boonesborough)

One of many conversions starting in the mid-fifthies was to increase cargo capacity, by cutting the ship in two and insert another section. In this case, In 1967 CHEVRON THE HAGUE (ex- Boonesborough) got a new fore- and midbody, with deckhouse installations now aft. Very less shows, that these was a former T2-SE-A1 tanker. The vessel was converted by Hitachi Zosen at Kawasaki, Japan within four months.

Design: T2-SE-A1 / Converted	Howaldtwerke Deutsche Werft AG, Kiel, Ger,amy
Whaling Factory	MC- 826 (1 Converted / Turbo-Electric) Olympic Challenger (ex- Herman F.Whiton, ex- Oregon Trail)

Design: T2-SE-A2 / Converted	Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co., Newport News, Va
Container / Heavy Lift Cargo	MC-1264 and 1279, 1822 to 1823 (4 Converted / Turbo - Electric) Seatrain Florida (ex- Pamanset AO-85), Seatrain Maryland (ex- Mission San Carlos), Seatrain Carolina (ex- Mission Santa Barbara), Seatrain Puerto Rico (ex- Mission San Luis Obispo),

Under the Exchange Act, nine ships were aquired by the Hudson Waterways Corp.in 1966 for domestic service, to carry containers, railway wagons and vehicles. Four of them were send to Newport News for vonversion. Lenghtened by insertion of a 36 ft. 6 in. section of the old midbody of FRUITVALE HILLS (MC- 2714 Marinship Hull 92 / Design T2-SE-A1). Further work was the relocation of the midship deckhouse above the deckhouse, and a new spardeck equipped with two 50 ton capacity cranes was constructed above the upper deck. Thr lower hold, 328 ft. 6 in. long, and tween deck spaces are devoid of obstructions, and a clear hatch openeing, 61 ft. x 38 ft., allows handling of diversified cargoes. Helicopters can also use the spardeck. The ships are fitted with stabilizers and can load or discharge cargo under bad weather conditions. Carring capacity is 124 tanks and 114 heavy vehicles, selfpropelled guns, bulldozers etc. Drawing shows SEATRAIN PUERTO RICO after conversion by Newport News SB & DD Co.

The T3 Tanker and Navy Oiler

Design: T3-S-BZ1	Welding Shipyards Inc., Norfolk, Virginia
Tanker	MC-2693 to 2694 and 2899 (Turbine / 3 built) Phoenix, Nashbulk and Amtank

The T3-S-BZ1 design built by Welding Shipyards Inc were considerably larger ships and were constructed to the order of the National Bulk Carriers Inc. The original request was for a tanker of approximately 23,500 tdw and about 215,000 barrels capacity, capable of 17 knots. From designs submitted by Sir Joseph W. Isherwood & Co Ltd, after model experimentation at the National Physical Laboratory at Teddington, England, the first ship of the group, the PHOENIX, was constructed by Welding Shipyards in seventy-six days to launching, with a further twenty-seven days to completion. The Isherwood design included an extension of the poop over three tanks to approximately halfway along the hull, and placing the main fuel tank aft of the machinery. A short ballast tank was placed forward and a fuel tank in the forepeak, these arrangements providing for flexibility in trimming the ship. The Isherwood system of longitudinal framing, using corrugated plates and spliced brackets in the tank space, saved 120 tons of steel and a considerable reduction in welding. Practically the only welding done was in fitting huge prefabricated assemblies of up to 100 tons, which were constructed on adjacent ground and lifted by crane. Measurements of the ships were 556 ft oa, 541 ft bp x 80 ft, giving a gross tonnage of 14,160. The deadweight capacity was 23,600 tons and barrel capacity 217,000. High pressure turbines with double reduction gears were installed, developing 13,400 shp, driving a single screw and giving 17 knots. The PHOENIX was the largest all-welded tanker when built.

Design: T3-S2-A1	Bethlehem Steel Co., SB Division, Sparrows Point, Maryland
Tanker & Fleet Oiler / AO	MC-8 to 10 (3) and 717 to 730 (14) (17 Built) / USS Platte, ESSO Annapolis , ESSO Albany, USS Ashtabula, USS Capapon, USS Caliente, USS Chikaskia, USS Elokomin, , USS Aucilla, USS Marias, USS Manatee, USS Mississinewa, USS Nantahala, USS Severn, USS Taluga, USS Chipola, USS, Tolovana, USS Allagash, USS Caloosahatchie, USS Canisteo, USS Chukawan
	Federal SB & DD Co., Kearny, New Jersey
	MC-5 to 4 (3 Built) / Markay, USS Neosho I, ESSO Trenton
	Newport News SB & DD Co., Newport News, Virginia
	MC-11 to 13 (3 Built) / ESSO Richmond, ESSO Raleigh, USS Salamonie
	Sun SB & DD Co., Chester, Pennsylvania
	MC-2 to 4 (3 Built) / USS Cimarron, Seakay, ESSO New Orleans

The T3-S2-A1 tanker design was the first tanker design developed by the Maritime Commission for Standard Oil Co.of New Jersey and the Philadelphia based Keystone Shipping Co. In 1938 the Navy requested four of the twelve planned Tankers, forming the Cimarron Class (AO-22 to 25). By 1941 all remaining private operating T3-S2-A1 tanker were aquired by the Navy under the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 and form the second group of the Cimarron Class (AO-26 to 33). This drawing shows the USS CIMARRON AO-22 in her original configuration, with 4x5 inch / Mod 38.

Design: T3-S2-A1/ Converted	Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, Virginia
Escort Carrier	MC-7 / USS Sangamon AVG-26 later ACV-26 than CVE-27, MC-3 / USS Santee ACV-29 later CVE-29
	Newport News SB & DD Co., Newport News, Virginia
	MC-5 / USS Suwanee AVG-27 later ACV-27 then CVE-27
	New York Naval Shipyard, Brooklyn, New York
	MC-4 / USS Chenango ACV-28 later CVE-28

Early in 1942 the Navy decided to remove four of his Cimarron-class oilers for conversion into Escort Carriers, to form the Sangamon-class (named after the first ship completed). Work was done by New York and Norfolk Naval Shipyard and Newport News Shipbuilding. A little bit slower than the C3-converted CVE's, but which much more endurance, the ability to refuel Escort vessels and a larger air group. The four vessels served throughout the WWII at the Atlantic, Mediterrenean and Pacific Theater of Operations. Armament changed during WWII, due to the incraesing menace by japanese suicide planes.